Below is the ‘L’ Card from Avi Raanan issued to his Grandmother, Ester Katz in 1941. You can enlarge the card by clicking on it.
The card was sent to me and also sent to Hedwig Brenner who commented:
“Hi Avi , thanks for sending me this document.
This is the famous “L-Karte”, the only valid document, the authorisation to
remain in Czernowitz.. Now it is a memory, an old document, but then its
value was millions…. I have the same, but mine does not have so many notices on
it. May be your grandmother’s document was submitted to controles. Never
mind, she was not deported to Transnistia.. therefore you are living….
Best,
regards
Hedwig”
Courtesy of Mimi Taylor
Click on document to enlarge further
Translation of above:
Town Hall of the municipitality of Cernauti
Declaration
The undersigned….
Jewish head of family, declares that he is a resident of Cernauti,
street…
and before the establishment of the ghetto resident at…..
am …. years old. My profession is ….
I have been living in Cernauti from… which I can prove with…..
With me live those mentioned below….
This declaration is valid for 4 four people.
Signed by Dr Traian Popovici, Mayor of the municipality of Cernauti and by the delegate of the government of Bucovina Major Mihai Iliescu
More about the permit and other documents from Mimi Taylor Here:
Concluziile Comisiei de anchetă pentru “Cercetarea neregulilor săvârşite cu ocazia evacuării evreilor din Cernăuţi” (1941) – Click here for download!
Liviu Carare: “The events in Czernowitz during 1941-1942 are a constituent part of the phenomenon of “ethnic cleansing” developed by the Romanian state immediately after the reconquest of the territories ceded to the USSR in the summer of 1940. The Jewish population of the city was enclosed in a ghetto as a preliminary measure to their deportation to Transnistria. The deportations were halted three days later because the Romanian authorities had realized that the majority of professionals and technicians in Czernowitz were Jews. These actions were possible due to the Mayor of Czernowitz, Dr. Traian Popovici, who managed to persuade the Romanian military governor and the head of state, Ion Antonescu to spare 20,000 Jews from deportation, claiming that they were vital to the economic stability of the town. The mayor attempted to stop deportations, issuing more than 3,000 certificates of exemption from deportation, but the officials of the municipality, the police, and the gendarmerie extorted enormous sums of money in return for these exemptions. Many Jews were deported even after they paid the ransom. The report captures the details of the establishment of Czernowitz ghetto, planning and organization of the deportations, but also how mayor Traian Popovici and other members of the sorting commission prepared the tables with Jewish experts in Czernowitz, saving from deportation sometimes even whole families.”
Frieda Tabak (18.05.2012): I clearly remember the green ink in which, for $10,000 Lei, our name was added to my uncle’s typed certificate. We were too afraid to use it. Luckily, we obtained our own certificate some weeks later and were able to remain in CZ.
Mordecai Lapidot (18.05.2012): Chapeau to Liviu Carare for having located and published the fascinating, horrifying, but greatly revealing document of the Commission of Inquiry set up by the Fascist Authorities re the saving of more than 20000 of Czernowitz Jews (myself and my parents and relatives amongst them) from deportation to Transnistria. Having read the Romanian report of the Commission it is clear to me that in a way the Commission “laundered” the actions that were performed by Popovici and the other officials involved. As they mention there – you cannot prove the actions of bribery since neither the bribers nor the bribed can be expected to volunteer confirmation of their acts… As if the Sigurantza of the Fascist Regime could not have extracted the information had they wished to do so… All they mentioned in detail in their report were the discrepancies they discovered in the lists of those who were saved, e.g. persons that were obviously not of the profession that was recorded, or the names added in pencil or ink to the typed lists. I was 8 year old at the time but aware, from rumours that went around between the grown-ups, that apparently some bribery was involved. However it was believed not to be related to Popovici himself but to the many intermediaries. Now I learned a lot about what really happened from this and the other articles mentioned below.
Chapeau also to Edgar for locating this article by Liviu Carare. It is worthwhile to enter his name in Google – I found a number of interesting related articles by him. One about our Ghetoization in Czernowitz – CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND PROCESUL DE GHETOIZARE A EVREILOR DIN CERNĂUŢI http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/anuare/AnuarBaritHistorica2010/07.pdf
Another – a collection of articles “Partide politice şi minorităţi naţional din România în secolul XX” includes some interesting articles: one on p. 11 “The Resolution of the Hebrew Issue in the Romanian Principalities (1848-1866) between Political Will and Social Failure”, one by Lya Binyamin on p 51 “Idei diriguitoare în Mişcarea Sionistă din
România. Congresul Sionist din 1919”, and one on p 247 by Liviu Carare based on the above mentioned report of the Commision of Inquiry “Deportările din Cernăuţi (1941). Mărturii pe baza unui raport de anchetă informativă” http://istorie.ulbsibiu.ro/cercetare/Texte/Partide%20politice%20%205.pdf
as well as few others related to antisemitism in Romania and fate of Jews in other cities – e.g. Transilvania. Of course, only for those of us who still read Romanian, but all can benefit of the abstracts in English.
In the 1930s, the Czernowitzer Julius Fuhrmann was the bandleader of the famous Julien Foorman Orchestra performing at the legendary Hotel der Nederlanden in Batavia.
ABC Radio National from Australia broadcasted on Saturday, 15 January 2011, the program “A Star Fell – Remembering Joseph Schmidt”, which won a silver medal in the Best Music Special category of the New York Radio Awards.
ABC Radio National: “In this moving account of his life, we hear the songs immortalised by Joseph Schmidt’s voice, as producer Natalie Kestecher searches the archives and the recollections of those old enough to remember. Natalie takes us to a Sydney hospital ward where a former Vienna Mozart choir boy (Erich Troyna) recalls a live radio performance in 1935, and to Switzerland where an astronomer (Markus Griesser) has kept Schmidt’s memory alive by naming an asteroid after him. There too, she visits the Joseph Schmidt archive, lovingly curated by his biographer Alfred Fassbind, a former tenor himself.”
By way of Dow Friedman (Fanny Cooper is Dow’s aunt). Fanny writes:
I found this picture from 1987 when I was there and we saw it [Friedman’s Restaurant]. It was a simple house and in front is my brother Fredi who lived in Czernowitz at the time.
Fanny Cooper
Dear friends,
Here is a first picture of Hedwig with her Order of Merit received today in
Haifa.
A noisy group of Czernowitzers / Bukovinaers was happy to celebrate
together with Hedwig.
Irene Fishler
Hedwig Brenner shows the Order of Merit from the Federal Republic of Germany March 1, 2012
